The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced on Tuesday that three American scientists, John Clarke, Michel Devoret, and John Martinis, have been granted the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics for their discovery of energy quantisation in an electric circuit and macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling.

"The next generation of quantum technology, such as quantum computers, quantum sensors, and quantum cryptography, has been made possible by this year's Nobel Prize in Physics," the committee stated.

The 11 million Swedish crowns (about $1.2 million) prize money will be divided among the three.

Since 1901, the Nobel Prizes, established in accordance with Alfred Nobel's will, have recognised distinction in the fields of science, literature, and peace; economics was included subsequently. The first field included in Nobel's bequest, physics, is still one of the most prominent.