The Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India bill, 2025 (SHANTI), which would permit any business or joint ventures to construct, own, run, or decommission a nuclear power plant or reactor, is scheduled to be introduced by the government led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
According to the bill, the operator will be responsible for damages, with the exception of those brought on by "a grave natural disaster of an exceptional character, an act of armed conflict, hostility, civil war, and insurrection or terrorism."
However, in "under construction nuclear installation itself and any other nuclear installation including a nuclear installation under construction, on the site where such installation is located, the operator will not be liable for damages."

any property on the same site that is utilised or will be utilised in connection with any such installation; or the vehicle used to carry the radioactive material implicated at the time of the nuclear disaster.
The law further states that "the maximum amount of liability in respect of each nuclear incident shall be the rupee equivalent of three hundred million Special Drawing Rights or such higher amount as the Central Government."
According to the Bill, "it is desirable to harness the potential of nuclear energy through active involvement of both public and private sectors and to leverage the participation of the domestic industry to contribute to and benefit from the global nuclear energy ecosystem including research, technology, manufacturing, finance, insurance, and skill development."

However, according to the bill, only the government would be responsible for "enrichment or isotopic separation of prescribed substance or radioactive substance, the management of spent fuel, including reprocessing, recycling, separation of radionuclides contained therein and management of high-level radioactive waste arising thereof, the production of heavy water and its upgradation by isotopic separation."
The private sector may participate in the manufacture, use, processing, or disposal of additional approved substances, as may be announced by the Central Government, as well as the conversion, refining, and enrichment of uranium-235 up to a certain threshold amount. Additionally, it can carry or store spent fuel, nuclear fuel, or any other approved material.

"The import, export, acquisition, or possession of nuclear fuel or prescribed substance, the import or export of any technology or software, that may be used for the development, production, or use of prescribed substance or prescribed equipment" are all permitted under the bill.
When establishing the facilities or carrying out the activities mentioned in sub-section (2), the source material and fissile material in any form, whether produced in India or imported, will remain under the Central Government's supervision and control for accounting purposes. They will also be subject to any safeguards that the Central Government may specify under the relevant legislation.

According to the proposed bill, heavy water used in nuclear facilities must stay under the Central Government's supervision and spent fuel must be transported to the Central Government for further management or returned to the nation of origin.